Advantages of non renewable energy are; high capacity, relatively-abundant supply, affordability of extraction and consumption, relative technological simplicity, high relative efficiency, versatility of usage, scalability, and ability to integrate with renewable energy.
Kelp forest food chain is a linear sequence formed by feeding relations among producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers and decomposers. Kelp forest food web is a complex network of trophic interactions between organisms from different levels and ‘food chains’.
Forest energy pyramid comprises of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, and quaternary consumers. It is influenced by the contributions of decomposers to energy dynamics, as well as by processes of energy loss according to the ten percent rule.
Freshwater energy pyramid comprises of producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers, as well as decomposers and their energy-intensive activities.
Wetland energy pyramid comprises of producers, primary consumers; secondary consumers, tertiary consumers and the contributions of decomposers to energy dynamics.
Abiotic factors in the abyssal zone are; water, nutrients, rocks, sediments, physicochemical parameters, circulating currents, and topographic features.
Predation in the Amazon Rainforest is the process whereby Amazonian predators in higher trophic levels feed on lower-level and/or vulnerable organisms called prey.
Biotic factors in the Pacific Ocean are; autotrophs/producers, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, decomposers; as well as trophic interactions between/within the various groups.
Abiotic factors in the Pacific Ocean are; light, water, dissolved oxygen, sediments, rocks and reef structures, nutrients, physicochemical parameters, waves and tides, as well as underwater topography.
